Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ ;'/Iff r'gf}tL — Ps k|Zg .
Jeevan Dahal (JeevDsk)
cy{tGqsf] k|d"v d]?b08 eg]sf] Jofkf/ xf] . Jofkf/nfO{ Ps ;fdfGo
b[lZ6sf]0faf6 kl/eflift ubf{, j:t' tyf
;]jfsf] dfu / cfk"lt{df lglxt /x]/ qm]tf / ljqm]tf dfem ljlgdosf] k|s[of
;+rfng x'g' xf], eGg] a'lemG5 .
Jofkf/ k|d"vt M Joj;fo ;+rfng ug]{ JolQm ljz]if, ;+:yf÷ ;+u7g
ljz]if, ;d'x ljz]if, sDklg ljz]if, ;/sf/ ljz]if nufot cGoaf6 ;+rflnt /x]sf] x'G5
. Jofkf/sf] k|j[tL, ljwf, sfo{If]q, ahf/, cflb km/s km/s eP h:t} Joj;flox?sf]
klg cf–cfkm\g} k|sf/ / ljz]iftf /x]sf] x'G5 . t;y{, Joj;flo Joj;fo ;+rfngsf kfq
x'g\ eg] pgLx?4f/f ;+rflnt Joj;fo Jofkf/sf] cleGg c+u jf d'6' xf] . To;}n]
Jofkf/, Joj;fo / Joj;flox?sf] ljifonfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} g]kfndf Jofkf/ Joj;fo
;+rfng ug{'sf r"gf}ltx? dWo]sf] PsnfO{ lh1f;f ;lxt p7fg ug{ rfx]sf] 5' .
clnslt k[i6e"ldaf6 z'? u/f}F,
dfgj ;Eotf lasf;sf k|d"v r/x? dWo] Jofkf/ Ps k|d"v r/ xf] /
To;}af6 lasl;t xF'bf xF'b} cfhsf] lasl;t ljZj ;d'bfo;Dd cfO{k'Ubf klg Jofkf/g}
k|d"v r/ /x]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 . o:t} g]kfndf Jofkf/ tyf Joj;fosf] nfdf]
Oltxf; /x]sf] ;j{ljlwt g} 5 . To;}n] g]kfndf ljleGg sfnv08, hglhjg, /xg – ;xg,
df}lnstf, ef}uf]lns agfj6, k|zf;g, ;/sf/ / sfg"gsf] k/Llw leq /x]/
ztflAbof}F b]lv dflg;n] Joj;fo ;+rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
cfhsf] lasl;t ;dfh ÷ ljZjnfO{ x]bf{ ;g\ !(*) sf] bzs b]lv Jofkf/ Ps
b]zLo, l4b]zLo, ax'b]zLo x'Fb} cGt{/fli6«o ahf/df v'nf ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . laZj
cy{tGqdf ljleGg wgL /fi6« tyf o'4df xf]ldPsf /fi6«x?n] Liberal Economy / Globalization h:tf gLltx? ckgfpg k'u] . To;sf]
k|efjaf6 g]kfn klg c5'tf] g/x]sf] a'em\g ;lsG5 . o; cy{ g]kfndf klg /fli›o tyf cGt{/fli›o
sfg"gsf] dfGotf leq /x]/ ‘v'nf cy{ Joj:yf cyf{t\ Open
Economy’ nfu" ePsf] a'em\g ;lsG5 . ;Dejt
M g]kfndf @)$^÷$&, @)^@÷^#, / tTkZrft\ @)&@ sf] ;+lawfg hf/L nufotsf
36gfqmdn] /fhgLlts Joj:yf ;Fu;Fu} /fHo ;+/rgf, r]tgfsf] :t/ tyf Jofkf/sf gofF
cfofdx? klxlnFb} uPsf] dxz'; ug{ ;lsG5 .
;g\ !($& sf] hgj/L ! df hGd
ePsf] GATT cyf{t\ General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade
b]lv ;g\ !((% df ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g cyf{t
WTO (World Trade Organization) df kl/0ft x'Fbf g]kfn
/f0ffsflng zf;gaf6 k|hftGq, km]/L k~rfotsflng cj:yf / cGTodf ;+a}wflgs /fhtGq /
ax'blno Joj:yfdf cfO{;s]sf] lyof] . Industrial Era af6 Technical & Technological Era df 5nfª df/]sf] ljZj / To;sf]
k|efjaf6 ;g\ @))# sf] Cancún Ministrial Conference, Mexico af6 ;g\ @))$ clk|n @# b]lv WTO
k|j]z u/]sf] g]kfnn] ljZj ahf/df cfkm\gf] Joj;flos Platform agfpg] cj;/ kfPsf] lyof] .
;g\ @)@@, cyf{t\ WTO sf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] emG8} b'O{
bzs laTb} ubf{ ljZj ahf/df g]kfnL ;fdfgsf] ahf/ lx:;f, u"0f:t/, k|lt:kwL{
Ifdtf nufot g]kfnsf] Jofkf/, cfoft lgof{tsf] ;du| l:ylt s:tf] / lsg 5, o;sf] R & D ;lxtsf] bfloTj jxg s;n] s;/L
u5{g\ t g]kfnL gLlt lgdf{tf (Policy Maker), sfo{Gjogstf{ (Implementer), cg'df]bgstf{ (Executor) / hfFrstf{ (Checker) x?n] < cfhsf] ;do;Dd cfO{k'Ubf
of] k|Zg ;do ;fGble{s eP ;Fu;Fu} hjfkm eg] r'gf}lt lglxt hl6n klg 5 . To;}sf/0f
/fhgLltsf] ;du| j[t leq g]kfnsf] cy{, pBd / Jojofo ;dofg's'n ultzLntfsf cfwf/df
(Historically Expected Dynamic Basis) ;+s'lrt eO{ Mislead klg ePsf] a'em\g ;lsG5 / logsf
laljw sf/0fx? x'g ;Sb5g\, lglZrt ?kdf 5g\ klg .
;fdfGot M /fHosf] sfg"g ljkl/t
gx'g] u/L, pkef]Qmfsf] lxt ;+/lIft x'g] u/L / s'g} cj}w wGbf gePsf] Jofkf/ ug'{
Jofkf/Lsf] st{Ao xf] h;df /fHo, gful/s / :o+d\ Jofj;flo ul/ qLklIfo kmfObf
/x]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] k|s[ltsf] h'g;'s} Jofkf/ Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ /fHon] cfkm\gf]
sfg"g agfPsf] x'G5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df, g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ n]
To:tf] Jofkf/ ug{ s'g} /f]s 5]s ljgf ;+rfng ug{ kfpg] pNn]v ePtf klg ;+lawfgd} cnUu}
eg] :ki6 Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g t/ k'/s sfg"gx? eg] agfOPsf 5g\ . x'g
;Sb5 of gx'g ;Sb5 To:tf] vfsf jf Joj:yf jf :ki6 pNn]v sxLF st} ;+ljwfgsf] k[i6
leq /x]sf] 5 h'g n]vssf gh/df k/]gg\ .
Dffly plNnlvt
k[i6e"ldx?nfO{ :d/0f ub}{, d Pp6f ;fgf] lh1f;' k|Zg ug{ rfxG5',, ;fdfGo
cj:yf eP /x]sf] v08df g]kfnsf :yflgo 7fpFmx?df Pp6f Joj;flo Jofkf/Ln] slt ah]
b]lv / ;Dd cfkm\gf] Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ kfpF5g\ < olb ;f] Jofkf/ Joj;flosf]
lhljsf]kfh{gsf] k|d'v >f]t /x]5 eg], s] p;n] @$ ;} 306f cfkm\gf] Jofkf/
;+rfng ug{ kfpF5 ls kfpFb}g < olb gkfO{g] /x]5 eg] “Mind
your own business” eGg] c+u|]hL zAbsf] lasf; x'g
;Sg] lyPg . olb, /ftsf] ;dodf ;xL / ;'/lIft tj/af6 Jofkf/ ug{ gkfO{g] ;Defljt
sf/0fx? dWo] gful/ssf] lgb|f vnn, xf] xNnf, rf]/L, 8s}lt, ;+ul7t ck/fw h:tf
sf/0fx? /x]5g\ eg], s'g cj:yfdf /fHosf] ;'/Iff lgsfon] ;'/Iff lbg] /x]5g\ <
k|Zg t]l;{G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, g]kfn aGbsf] cfXjfg ePsf] cj:yfdf Joj;flox?sf]
Jofkf/ ;+rfng ug{sf] lgldQ / ;'/Iff ;'lglZrttfsf nflu u[x tyf :yflgo k|zf;gn]
lj1lKt lgsfNg] u5{g\ / ;'/IffsdL{ t}gfy klg ul/Psf] x'G5 h;df tf]8kmf]8 cfuhgL
rf]/L h:tf sfo{ ePsf] cj:yfdf Ifltsf] k"lt{ cyf{t\ lhDd]jf/L s;}af6
lnOFb}g -k|zf;g g t aGb cfXjfgstf{ — i.e. Open
at your own risk_
t/ Joj;flon] cfkm\gf] lhljsf]kfh{gsf] lglDt @$ ;} 306f Jofkf/ Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{
rfxG5g\ eg] /ftsf] ;dodf ToxL ;'/Iff lgsfo - gu/ k|x/L ÷;+3 dftxtsf k|x/L _
cfP/ aGb ug{ nufpF5g\ . lsg < k|Zg km]/L klg cfpF5 . of] s]jn ;fdfGo b[Z6fGt
dfq geP/ Pp6f Trend klg ePsf] sf/0f p7fg ul/Psf]
hl6n ljifoj:t' klg xf] . o;df s] klg s'/f ;Fu;u} cfpF5 eg], gful/ssf] ;'/Iff
ug'{, gful/ssf] cfo cfh{gsf] bfo/f a9fpg' jf a9\g lbg', /fHosf] sfg'gsf] bfo/f
leq /xL Jofkf/ Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{', u/fpg' jf ug{ lbg' /fHosf] bfloTj ePsf] /
;f] bfloTjsf] ;'lglZrttf /fHosf] d'n sfg'g tyf k'/s sfg'gn] u/]sf] x'G5 t/ hgtf
/ ltgsf Joj;fosf] ;'/Iff rf;f]df eg] /fHo / k|zf;gsf] r':ttf o; dfg]df
lje]bsf/L ePsf] dxz'; x'G5 .
Jofkf/Lsf nflu lbg b'O{ u'0ff /
/ft rf} u'0ff x'G5 . olb Jofkf/ Joj;fo @$ ;} 306f rnfodfg /xG5 eg] lglZrt ?kdf pBd,
snsf/vfgf, ko{6g, lasf; lgdf{0f, s[lif h:tf If]qdf klg /f]huf/L k|ToIf l;h{gf
eO{ Pj+ k|sf/n] hgtfsf] cfosf] bfo/f km/flsnf] x'g uO{ cfDbfgL a9\g'sf] ;fy} To;sf]
rs|Lo k|efjaf6 pgLx?sf] qmo zlQm a9\b5 / la:tf/} rnfodfg cy{nGqaf6 ;anLs/0f
x'Fb} /fHosf] 9's'6L klg dha't x'G5 . vf;df pb]s nfUbf] ;To s] 5 eg] g]kfndf cyfx
>f]t ;fwg xF'bf x'Fb} klg Jofkf/ Joj;fo, ;+3 ;+:yf, a}+lsË, ladf, pBf]u,
snsf/vfgf, lasf; lgdf{0f, s[lif h:tf /fHonfO{ ;du| ?kdf lasf;sf] ult k|bfg ug]{
Productive and Proactive
Variables ;+rfng
ug]{ jftfj/0f /fHo :t/s} ;'/Iff r"gf}tL, JofKt e|i6frf/ tyf ckl/kSj
/fhgLltsf sf/0f l;lh{t 5 . Rectification in
Time sf]
e'ldsf ;a}n] ;DalGwt 7fFpmaf6 u/] lasl;t g]kfnsf] kl/sNkgf lgs6 eljZodf ;fsf/
x'g] lyof] .
WfGojfb .
